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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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Diabetes reduces the cognitive function with the decrease of the visual perception and visual motor integration in

Hyo-Soon Yun1, Eunhwi Kim, Soon-Rim Suh

  • 1Dague Veterans Hospital, Daegu, Korea.

Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation
|November 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes significantly impacts cognitive function in older adults. This study found lower cognitive scores, visual perception, and visual motor integration in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics.

Keywords:
CognitionDiabetes mellitusElderlyVisual motor integrationVisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic condition affecting older adults.
  • Cognitive decline is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of diabetes on cognitive decline in elderly men.
  • To identify associations between diabetes, cognitive function, visual perception (VP), and visual motor integration (VMI).

Main Methods:

  • Sixty elderly men (30 with diabetes, 30 without) in South Korea were enrolled.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination of Korean version (MMSE-KC).
  • Visual perception (VP) and visual motor integration (VMI) were evaluated using the Motor-free Visual Perception Test-Vertical Format (MVPT-V) and Visual-Motor Integration 3rd Revision (VMI-3R).

Main Results:

  • Diabetic participants exhibited significantly lower MMSE-KC scores compared to non-diabetic individuals (P<0.01).
  • Lower scores in MVPT-V and VMI-3R were observed in the diabetes group (P<0.01).
  • Specific deficits in figure-ground and visual memory were noted in diabetic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes is associated with greater cognitive decline in older adults compared to non-diabetics.
  • Cognitive decline in older adults with diabetes may be linked to reduced VP and VMI.
  • VP and VMI can serve as valuable tools for monitoring cognitive changes in diabetic patients.