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Radiocontrast-induced thyroid dysfunction: is it common and what should we do about it?

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Radiocontrast media can cause thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Patient thyroid function is crucial when selecting imaging studies and contrast agents to prevent adverse events.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Increased use of radiocontrast-enhanced imaging (CT, coronary angiography) over two decades.
  • Iodinated contrast media can induce thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism).
  • Adverse event rate is low but significant due to high study volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight radiocontrast-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • To discuss prevalence, types, risk factors, prophylaxis, and treatment.
  • To emphasize considering patient thyroid function in diagnostic decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of radiocontrast-induced thyroid dysfunction.
  • Detailed discussion of prevalence and types.
  • Identification of at-risk populations and summary of management.

Main Results:

  • Radiocontrast media can lead to both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • Certain patient subsets are at higher risk.
  • Prophylaxis and treatment strategies are summarized.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function assessment is vital for patients undergoing contrast-enhanced studies.
  • Informed decisions on imaging modality and contrast agent can mitigate risks.
  • Principles apply to various routes of iodinated contrast administration.