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Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Phase transition in dimer liquids.

Danh-Tai Hoang¹, H T Diep

¹Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, POSTECH, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|November 29, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates dimer phase transitions on a cubic lattice, finding the transition order depends on dipolar interaction strength. The transition from a compact to a disordered state can be second or first order.

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Statistical mechanics
Materials science

Background:

Dimer models are crucial for understanding phase transitions in various systems.
Competing interactions, like dipolar coupling, significantly influence system behavior and phase stability.
Understanding phase transitions is key to designing materials with specific properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase transition in a system of interacting dimers on a simple cubic lattice.
To determine the ground-state configuration and low-temperature phase behavior under competing interactions.
To analyze the order of the phase transition from a compact to a disordered state as a function of interaction parameters.

Main Methods:

Determining the ground-state configuration using the steepest descent method.
Investigating low-temperature phases and phase transition characteristics via Monte Carlo simulations.
Analyzing the influence of nearest-neighbor exchange (J) and truncated dipolar interactions (D, rc).

Main Results:

The ground-state configuration was mapped as a function of dipolar interaction amplitude (D) and cutoff distance (rc).
The phase transition from a compact low-temperature phase to a disordered high-temperature phase was characterized.
The transition order was found to be second order for small D and first order for large D, resembling polymer unfolding.

Conclusions:

The order of the dimer phase transition is tunable by the dipolar interaction strength.
The system exhibits complex behavior influenced by both attractive nearest-neighbor interactions and competing dipolar forces.
The findings provide insights into phase transitions in systems with competing interactions, with implications for materials science.