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Related Concept Videos

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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: In Vitro Investigations of Circadian Rhythms in Multicellular Systems
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Epidermal stem cells ride the circadian wave.

Vivek Kumar, Bogi Andersen, Joseph S Takahashi

    Genome Biology
    |November 30, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Circadian genes in skin progenitor cells are activated sequentially. These gene expression waves regulate how cells respond to differentiation cues, impacting skin development and repair.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Chronobiology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Skin progenitor cells are crucial for epidermal development and repair.
    • Circadian rhythms influence various biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation.
    • Understanding the temporal regulation of gene expression in progenitor cells is key to regenerative medicine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal expression patterns of circadian genes in epidermal progenitor cells.
    • To determine how these sequential gene expressions modulate cellular responses to differentiation signals.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of gene expression in epidermal progenitor cells using techniques like RNA sequencing.
    • Time-course experiments to capture successive waves of gene activity.

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  • Functional assays to assess the impact of circadian gene modulation on differentiation.

    • Main Results:

    • Epidermal progenitor cells exhibit distinct, successive waves of circadian gene expression.
    • These temporal gene expression patterns are directly linked to the cells' responsiveness to differentiation signals.
    • Specific circadian genes play critical roles in orchestrating the differentiation process.

    Conclusions:

    • Circadian gene expression is dynamically regulated in epidermal progenitor cells.
    • Sequential activation of circadian genes provides a temporal framework for epidermal differentiation.
    • This temporal control mechanism offers potential therapeutic targets for skin regeneration and aging.