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Sex differences in circadian timing systems: implications for disease.

Matthew Bailey1, Rae Silver2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|November 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Biological sex influences circadian rhythms, impacting hormone regulation and sleep. Understanding these sex differences in biological clocks is crucial for developing targeted disease treatments.

Keywords:
17β-estradiol5-FU5-HT5-fluorouracilACTHAMYANSAPARARCAVPAVPVBMAL1BNSTC-FOSCRHCircadianDDDHTDMHDRDSPSDelayed Sleep Phase SyndromeE(2)EEGEPERERαFASPSFamilial Advanced Sleep Phase SyndromeGCGDXGHTGRGRPGnIHGnRHHAHBHPAHPGHormonesIGLIMLKOKiss1Kiss1 RKiss1 receptorLCLDLHLHALSMRMUAMnPONANeuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2Npas2OVXPPER1PER2POAPVAPVNPer1Per2Period1 gene or mRNAPeriod1 proteinPeriod2 gene or mRNAPeriod2 proteinRHTRchReproductionSCNSDSex differencesSleepStressSuprachiasmatic nucleusTTHTMNVIPVLPOVMHVNTRWTaction potentialadrenocorticotropic hormoneamygdalaandrogen receptorsanterior paraventricular thalamic nucleianterolateral paraventricular nucleusarcuate nucleusarginine vasopressinautonomic nervous systembed nucleus of the stria terminalisbrain and muscle ARNT-like protein1c-fosconstant darknesscorticotropin releasing hormonedenoting the gene or mRNAdenoting the proteindihydrotestosteronedorsal raphedorsomedial hypothalamuselectroencephalographyestradiol plus progesteroneestrogen receptor alphaestrogen receptorsgastrin-releasing peptidegeniculo-hypothalamic tractglucocortocoid receptorglucocortocoidsgonadectomygonadotropin inhibiting hormonegonadotropin releasing hormonehabenulahistaminehypothalamic–adrenalhypothalamic–pituitary–gonadalintergeniculate leafletintermediolateral columnkisspeptinknock outlateral hypothalamic arealateral septumlight-darklocus coeruleusluteinizing hormonemPOAmedial parvocellular PVNmedial preoptic areamedial raphemedian preoptic areampPVNmulti-unit neural activitynorandrenergicovariectomizedparaventricular nucleus of the hypothalamuspreoptic areaprogesteroneretinohypothalamic tractretrochiasmatic areasPVZserotonergicsleep deprivationsub paraventricular zone SWA, slow wave activitysuprachiasmatic nucleitestosteronetuberomammillary nucleustyrosine hydroxylasevariable nucleotide tandem repeatvasoactive intestinal polypeptideventrolateral preoptic areaventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamuswild type

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