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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
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Nanohydroxyapatite application to osteoporosis management.

Zairin Noor1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ulin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lambung Mangkurat, 70232 Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Journal of Osteoporosis
|November 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals show promise for osteoporosis management due to their osteoconductive and bioresorbable properties. Understanding their atomic structure and substitution behavior is key to improving bone health.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Microsized hydroxyapatite has limitations in bone regeneration, including unsatisfactory results and long treatment durations.
  • Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6) is chemically similar to bone's inorganic matrix.
  • Osteoporotic bone crystals differ from normal bone crystals in composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals in bone regeneration and osteoporosis management.
  • To investigate the potential of nanobiology approaches for hydroxyapatite modification.
  • To understand the relationship between hydroxyapatite crystal structure and bone cell biological activity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previous studies on microsized hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration.
  • Application of nanobiology principles to hydroxyapatite.
  • Analysis of mineral atom substitution within hydroxyapatite crystal structures.

Main Results:

  • Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals offer advantages like osteoconduction, bioresorption, and close cellular contact.
  • Nanobiology approaches allow for mineral atom substitution in hydroxyapatite.
  • The geometric pattern and atomic composition of hydroxyapatite crystals influence bone cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxyapatite crystals, particularly in nanocrystal form, present opportunities for osteoporosis management.
  • Understanding hydroxyapatite crystal characteristics and mineral substitution is crucial for effective osteoporosis treatment.
  • Further research into nanobiology-enhanced hydroxyapatite could significantly impact osteoporosis care.