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Updated: May 5, 2026
05:51
Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
Published on: May 3, 2018
17.8K
Assessment of arterial stiffness using applanation tonometry
1a Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta Hospital, 11-132 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|December 3, 2013
Summary
Augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are key cardiovascular risk markers. This review highlights practical limitations of applanation tonometry for AIx and PWV assessment, stressing the need for standardized procedures.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Vascular Diagnostics
Background:
- Augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are established markers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
- These parameters reflect functional and structural vascular wall characteristics.
- Numerous factors, including genetics and physiology, influence AIx and PWV values.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pulse wave analysis (PWA) in cardiovascular disease.
- To critically examine the practical and technical limitations of noninvasive applanation tonometry for AIx and PWV assessment.
- To discuss theoretical issues related to transfer functions in commercial devices.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on pulse wave analysis techniques.
- Analysis of data concerning the impact of probe placement and signal amplitude on measurement variability.
- Discussion of theoretical considerations regarding the conversion of peripheral to central waveforms.
Main Results:
- Probe placement is critical for accurate AIx and PWV measurements.
- Signal amplitude variability directly correlates with measurement variability.
- Theoretical challenges exist in the applied transfer functions used by commercial devices to derive central AIx.
Conclusions:
- Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and analysis are valuable tools for assessing vascular health and cardiovascular risk.
- Precise operating procedures are essential for reliable AIx and PWV measurements.
- Transparency regarding the transfer functions of commercial PWA devices is necessary.
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