Melatonin and its atheroprotective effects: a review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Endocrinology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease driven by oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Effective plaque stabilization and inhibition strategies remain a medical challenge.
• Melatonin's cardiovascular effects are recognized, but its precise mechanisms require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular targets of melatonin in preventing and treating atherosclerosis.
• To evaluate the atheroprotective actions of melatonin treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on melatonin and atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin's effects.
• Evaluation of clinical and preclinical data on melatonin's therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

• Melatonin exhibits atheroprotective effects through direct free radical scavenging.
• It possesses indirect antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory actions.
• Evidence supports melatonin's role in protecting against atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions:

• Melatonin demonstrates significant potential as a therapeutic agent against atherosclerosis.
• Its multifaceted actions target key pathogenic pathways.
• Further research into melatonin's molecular targets can guide novel prevention and treatment strategies.