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Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.

Interphase

Interphase

The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

Protocol for HER2 FISH Using a Non-cross-linking, Formalin-free Tissue Fixative to Combine Advantages of Cryo-preservation and Formalin Fixation

Published on: December 25, 2017

The interphase of the formalin test.

Michael Fischer¹, Giancarlo Carli, Patrick Raboisson

¹Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden.

|December 3, 2013

Summary

The formalin test

Keywords:

Analgesia Formaldehyde Inflammation Nociception Pain TRP channel

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pain Research
Toxicology

Background:

The formalin test exhibits a unique biphasic pain response with an unexplained interphase.
The first phase is linked to TRPA1-mediated nociceptor excitation; the second to sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formalin test's interphase and second phase.
To investigate formaldehyde's effects on sensory neurons and pain signaling.

Main Methods:

Examined calcium influx in TRPA1-deficient and wild-type neurons.
Assessed neuronal excitability, sodium currents, and input resistance.
Utilized in vivo rat skin models with Evans blue and computational modeling.

Main Results:

Formaldehyde induces calcium influx in TRPA1-deficient neurons at higher concentrations.
Neurons exhibit concentration-dependent hyperpolarization and transient inactivation by formaldehyde.
Computational modeling supports a peripherally generated biphasic pain response.

Conclusions:

The interphase results from neuronal hyperpolarization and inactivation by formaldehyde.
Neuronal recovery and formalin spread drive the second phase of nociception.
The study clarifies the biphasic pain mechanism in the formalin test.