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Primitive layered gabbros from fast-spreading lower oceanic crust.

Kathryn M Gillis1, Jonathan E Snow2, Adam Klaus3

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Sampling lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges reveals primitive gabbroic rocks. These findings refine models of oceanic crust formation and magma evolution, suggesting diverse mantle melts contribute to crustal composition.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Oceanography
  • Petrology

Background:

  • Oceanic crust formation at fast-spreading ridges is dominated by plutonic rocks, crucial for understanding melt transport and crystallization.
  • Direct sampling of these lower crustal rocks is difficult due to overlying volcanic layers, limiting direct study.
  • Current models rely on indirect geophysical data and ophiolite analogues, which may not represent typical mid-ocean ridge processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition and formation of lower oceanic crustal plutonic rocks at a fast-spreading ridge.
  • To provide a more complete estimate of the bulk composition of fast-spreading oceanic crust.
  • To test existing models of melt extraction and magma differentiation in oceanic crust formation.

Main Methods:

  • Coring of primitive, modally layered gabbroic rocks from the lower plutonic crust at the Hess Deep rift.
  • Geochemical analysis of recovered plutonic rocks.
  • Integration of new data with existing geochemical data for shallow plutonic rocks, dykes, and lavas.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation that modally layered gabbroic rocks are a key component of the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges.
  • The most constrained estimate to date of the bulk composition of fast-spreading oceanic crust.
  • Crystallization models using the bulk crustal composition accurately predict lava and plutonic rock compositions.
  • Observed early orthopyroxene crystallization in plutonic rocks, which is not predicted by current models.

Conclusions:

  • Primitive, modally layered gabbroic rocks are integral to the lower oceanic crust formed at fast-spreading ridges.
  • The bulk composition of fast-spreading oceanic crust can be accurately modeled by simple crystallization processes.
  • The early crystallization of orthopyroxene suggests that diverse melts are extracted from the mantle and undergo pre-eruptive mixing.