Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL producing isolates

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.
• ESBL production is a significant challenge in treating bacterial infections, particularly urinary tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESBL-producing bacteria from urinary isolates.
• To identify key bacterial species responsible for ESBL production in this sample set.

Main Methods:

• Antimicrobial resistance screening using the disc diffusion test.
• ESBL confirmation via the double disc diffusion test (DDDT).
• Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using the agar dilution method.

Main Results:

• High prevalence of ESBL producers: Klebsiella spp. (81.6%), Proteus spp. (78.1%), E. coli (72.3%), and Pseudomonas spp. (66.7%).
• All isolates remained sensitive to imipenem and nitrofurantoin; amikacin showed 92.9% sensitivity.
• Significant resistance observed against gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, azithromycin, and quinolones in ESBL producers.

Conclusions:

• Routine detection of ESBLs is crucial for effective patient management.
• Avoiding irrational use of third-generation cephalosporins is recommended to curb multidrug resistance.
• Implementation of a strict antibiotic policy is necessary to combat the rise of resistant bacteria.