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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
379
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

8.7K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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Modeling motivated misreports to sensitive survey questions.

Ulf Böckenholt1

  • 1Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA, u-bockenholt@northwestern.kellogg.edu.

Psychometrika
|December 4, 2013
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Summary

This study introduces a new modeling approach to identify and correct misreports in surveys. The findings reveal that individuals who feel powerful tend to overclaim their knowledge, impacting data validity.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Survey Methodology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Sensitive questions in research can lead to non-response and misreports, compromising data accuracy.
  • Misreports, unlike non-response, are difficult to detect but introduce systematic bias.
  • Accurate data is crucial for valid inferences in studies involving personal or sensitive information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel modeling approach for identifying and correcting misreports in survey and experimental data.
  • To address the challenge of systematic bias introduced by respondents editing their answers.
  • To enhance the validity of research findings by accounting for motivated response processes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a modeling approach to conceptualize misreports as a motivated editing process.
  • Applied the proposed model to a large-scale experimental study.
  • Analyzed how feelings of power influence self-reported knowledge and behavior.

Main Results:

  • The modeling approach successfully identified instances of misreporting.
  • Respondents who reported feeling powerful demonstrated a tendency to overclaim their knowledge.
  • The study quantifies the impact of motivated misreporting on research outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed modeling approach offers a method to correct for systematic bias caused by misreports.
  • Understanding motivated misreporting is key to improving data quality in sensitive research areas.
  • Perceived power significantly influences self-reporting accuracy, particularly regarding knowledge claims.