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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Historical fear of disease outbreaks leads to scapegoating.
  • The 2009 H1N1 flu outbreak saw Mexicans and Latinos stigmatized as carriers.
  • News reports linking H1N1 to Mexican pig farms fueled this stigma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Examine psychological processes (cue convergence, associative priming) linking H1N1 news to anti-Latino biases.
  • Analyze stress and coping mechanisms in response to H1N1 threat using a transactional model.
  • Investigate how diverse residents appraised H1N1 threat, processed stereotypes, and coped with stressors.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory study using focus groups with diverse New England residents.
  • Analysis of focus group transcripts using a transactional model of stress and coping.
  • Thematic coding to identify patterns in stress appraisal and coping strategies.

Main Results:

  • Twelve themes emerged, linked to stress and coping trajectories.
  • US-born participants reported more stressful appraisals than non-US-born.
  • Latino participants reported more negative secondary appraisals and coping strategies when discussing stereotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Stress and coping processes for H1N1 varied by race and ethnicity.
  • Stigmatization is common during pandemics.
  • Public health interventions should address social stressors during outbreaks.