Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

10:18
Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED
Published on: March 19, 2017
9.0K
Moon over academe.
1Division of Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.
Journal of Religion and Health
|December 7, 2013
Summary
Eminent scientists endorsing the Annual International Conference of the Unity of the Sciences (ICUS) provided rationales for their support when faced with anti-cult publicity. Their responses reveal a calculated misuse of principles like open expression and religious freedom.
Area of Science:
- Sociology of Science
- Religious Studies
- Science Communication
Background:
- The Annual International Conference of the Unity of the Sciences (ICUS), sponsored by S.M. Moon, has faced scrutiny.
- Concerns have been raised regarding the organization's alignment with cult activities and its impact on scientific discourse.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically examine the rationales provided by eminent scientists who endorsed the ICUS.
- To analyze how these scientists responded to anti-cult publicity and public criticism.
Main Methods:
- Systematic analysis of personal letter responses from thirty eminent scientists affiliated with ICUS.
- Qualitative assessment of the justifications and reasoning presented by the scientists.
Main Results:
- Identified specific rationales employed by scientists to justify their endorsement of ICUS.
- Revealed patterns in the application of principles such as open expression and religious freedom.
Conclusions:
- The study serves as a case history of the strategic misuse of academic and ethical principles.
- Findings highlight the complex interplay between scientific endorsement, religious freedom, and public perception in controversial organizations.
Related Concept Videos
Osmosis
158.3K
Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.
158.3K
Osmosis
11.3K
Osmosis is the movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane. The water's concentration gradient across the membrane is inversely proportional to the solutes' concentration. Whereas diffusion transports material across membranes and within cells, osmosis transports only water across a membrane, and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes in the water. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
Water, like other substances, moves from a high concentration of...
Water, like other substances, moves from a high concentration of...
11.3K
Solubility
16.9K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
16.9K
Symbiosis
27.8K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
27.8K
Work
25.4K
Work is done when energy is transferred from one object to another. In other words, work is when a force acts on something that undergoes a displacement from one position to another. Forces can vary as a function of position, and displacements can be along various paths between two points. The increment of work (dW) done by a force acting through an infinitesimal displacement can be defined as the dot product of force () and displacement () vectors.
The dot product can be expressed in terms of...
The dot product can be expressed in terms of...
25.4K
Work
864
Work is a fundamental concept of mechanical engineering and has many applications. Understanding how work is calculated and the different types of work can help us better understand physical processes and provide insights into complex problems.
Work is defined as the result of a force acting on an object, causing it to move along the line of action of force. It is also defined as the process of transferring energy through the application of force on an object, resulting in its displacement.
Work is defined as the result of a force acting on an object, causing it to move along the line of action of force. It is also defined as the process of transferring energy through the application of force on an object, resulting in its displacement.
864

