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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

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Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
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Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

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Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic...
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Spasticity management in multiple sclerosis.

Christina Hughes1, Ileana M Howard

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Inpatient Neuro Rehabilitation, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Mailstop: H4-469, 1100 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98111, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spasticity, a common multiple sclerosis symptom, requires careful assessment. Management options range from exercise and medication to advanced therapies like intrathecal baclofen pumps, chosen based on patient needs and symptom severity.

Keywords:
AntispasticityChemodenervationIntrathecal baclofenMultiple sclerosisSpasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Spasticity is a frequent and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Effective management necessitates thorough patient history and physical examination to identify functional impacts and affected muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the comprehensive evaluation process for spasticity in MS patients.
  • To review the diverse therapeutic strategies available for managing MS-related spasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of patient history to assess functional impact and exacerbating factors.
  • Physical examination to determine spasticity extent and involved musculature.
  • Compilation of available management options.

Main Results:

  • A structured approach to assessment is crucial for understanding spasticity's impact.
  • Multiple treatment avenues exist, including exercise, physical modalities, oral medications, chemodenervation, and intrathecal baclofen pumps.
  • Treatment selection is individualized.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive assessment guides the selection of appropriate spasticity management strategies for multiple sclerosis.
  • Treatment choice depends on symptom severity, patient preferences, and service availability.