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Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis01:25

Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis

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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

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Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac
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Protein synthesis and auxin-induced growth: Inhibitor studies.

G W Bates1, R E Cleland

  • 1Botany Department, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.

Planta
|December 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cycloheximide (CHI) and other protein synthesis inhibitors block auxin-induced growth in Avena sativa L. coleoptiles. This indicates that ongoing protein synthesis is crucial for auxin's growth-promoting effects.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Auxin is a key plant hormone regulating growth.
  • The precise role of protein synthesis in auxin's early effects is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of protein synthesis in auxin-induced coleoptile growth and H+ excretion.
  • To compare the effects of different protein synthesis inhibitors on these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cycloheximide (CHI), pactamycin, and MDMP as protein synthesis inhibitors.
  • Measured effects on protein synthesis, respiration, auxin-induced growth, and H+ excretion in Avena sativa L. coleoptiles.

Main Results:

  • All tested inhibitors effectively blocked protein synthesis without impacting respiration.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

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  • Inhibitor efficacy against H+ excretion and growth correlated with their protein synthesis inhibition potency.
  • CHI and MDMP demonstrated a 5-8 minute latent period for inhibiting H+ excretion and an 8-10 minute lag for growth inhibition.

    • Conclusions:

    • Continued protein synthesis is essential for the initial stages of auxin-mediated growth.
    • These findings provide evidence for the involvement of protein synthesis in the rapid response to auxin.