Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
20
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

59
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
59
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

53
The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
53
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

3.3K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
3.3K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

2.5K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
2.5K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.7K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Switching to Ocrelizumab Due to Suboptimal Treatment Response: Results of the 4-Year CASTING-LIBERTO Trial.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

A Pre-symptomatic phase of tumefactive multiple sclerosis mirrors radiologically isolated syndrome.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Subclinical Optic Nerve Involvement in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: Multimodal Detection and Diagnostic Impact.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Concerns regarding the 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

Understanding Further the Phenotypic Spectrum of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders Using Unsupervised Clustering.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Genetic Influences on Disease-Modifying Therapy Response in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Insights and Future Directions.

Balkan medical journal·2026
Same journal

Clinical response after cerebrospinal fluid shunting in complex versus pure idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Preoperative sleep medication use and outcomes following lumbar spine surgery.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Long-term real-world outcomes and device management of intrathecal drug delivery systems: A 16-year single-center experience with a primary focus on baclofen therapy.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Trends and safety of outpatient versus inpatient lumbar interbody fusion - A national cohort study.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

A case report on αIN antibody-mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Early prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: A MIMIC-IV prediction model study.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K

Asymptomatic MS.

Aksel Siva1

  • 1MS Clinic and Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|December 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymptomatic multiple sclerosis (MS), or subclinical MS, is a silent disease state discovered incidentally. Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is the most common form, with about one-third of cases progressing to clinical MS within five years.

Keywords:
Asymptomatic multiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosisRadiologically isolated syndromeSubclinical diseaseTreatment

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.0K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K
Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

4.0K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Asymptomatic multiple sclerosis (MS) refers to a clinically silent disease state discovered incidentally through imaging, autopsy, or other diagnostic tools.
  • Historically, autopsy studies identified MS-like brain changes in individuals without clinical symptoms.
  • The advent of MRI has increased the detection of unsuspected central nervous system (CNS) lesions compatible with MS, leading to the recognition of Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and discuss the concept of asymptomatic multiple sclerosis (MS) and its most common presentation, Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS).
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and the lack of established protocols for managing individuals with RIS.
  • To review the current understanding of RIS conversion to clinical MS and treatment implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical autopsy studies reporting subclinical MS.
  • Analysis of recent case series and literature on Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS).
  • Discussion of diagnostic findings including MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands, and evoked potential studies.

Main Results:

  • Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) is the most frequent form of asymptomatic MS.
  • Approximately one-third of individuals with RIS progress to clinically diagnosed MS within five years.
  • Current evidence does not support initiating treatment for all RIS patients due to uncertain conversion risk and lack of definitive risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic MS, particularly RIS, represents an early, often incidentally detected, stage of the disease.
  • Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines for the monitoring and management of RIS.
  • The decision to treat RIS should be individualized, considering the current lack of definitive evidence for early intervention.