A newborn with neurocutaneous melanocytosis and Dandy-Walker malformation

Neurocutaneous melanocytosis is a rare congenital dysplasia of the neuroectodermal melanocyte precursor cells that leads to proliferation of melanin-producing cells in the skin and leptomeninges.

We describe a newborn with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus on his back, buttocks, and thighs. His brain magnetic resonance imaging study revealed bilateral T1 hyperintense lesions in the cerebellum and in the amygdala, hydrocephalus, and a Blake's pouch cyst, consistent with neurocutaneous melanocytosis and Dandy-Walker malformation.

Neurocutaneous melanocytosis has a wide clinical spectrum that includes hydrocephalus, epilepsy, cranial nerve palsy, increased intracranial pressure, and sensorimotor deficits.