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Neutropenia in the newborn.
1Departments of Pediatrics (Division of Neonatology and Center for Neonatal and Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease) and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Current Opinion in Hematology
|December 11, 2013
Summary
Neonatal neutropenia, a low neutrophil count in newborns, requires careful evaluation. While often self-limiting, it can impair antimicrobial defense in critically ill infants.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Hematology
- Pediatric Immunology
Background:
- Neutrophils are critical for neonatal immune defense.
- Neutropenia is a common finding in premature and critically ill neonates.
- Understanding causes and management is vital for infant health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review normal blood neutrophil concentrations in neonates.
- To outline the clinical approach to diagnosing and managing neonatal neutropenia.
- To summarize current knowledge on causes and treatments, including growth factors.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
- Inclusion of abstracts from Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meetings.
- Synthesis of existing data on neonatal neutropenia.
Main Results:
- Identified common causes: maternal hypertension, neonatal sepsis, twin-twin transfusion, alloimmunization, and hemolytic disease.
- Detailed a rational diagnostic and treatment strategy for neonatal neutropenia.
- Reviewed the evidence for recombinant hematopoietic growth factors in treatment.
Conclusions:
- Careful evaluation of neutrophil counts is essential in high-risk neonates.
- Most cases of neonatal neutropenia are benign and self-limiting.
- Prolonged neutropenia can compromise antimicrobial defense, necessitating intervention.
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