Efficient three-dimensional ray-tracing model for electromagnetic propagation prediction in complex indoor...

A three-dimensional ray-tracing model for the use of the uniform theory of diffraction and geometrical optics in radio channel characterizations of indoor environments is presented in this paper. Based on the environment information chosen by the proposed modeling approach, the model is effectively applied by utilizing a technique in which multiple reflections, transmissions, and diffractions are considered via the ray-path classification into four different categories. Ray paths belonging to each ray category are determined by using different methods. Our theoretical results are compared with narrowband and wideband measurements. The good agreement with these measurements indicates that our prediction model works well for such indoor communication applications.