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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Standardizing Limbal Niche Cell (LNC) Isolation and Characterization to Support Widespread LNC Research
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Concise review: identifying limbal stem cells: classical concepts and new challenges.

Aaron W Joe1, Sonia N Yeung

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|December 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Corneal epithelial stem cells are vital for vision and healing. While traditionally thought to be in the limbus, specific markers for these limbal stem cells are still being identified.

Keywords:
CorneaLimbusStem cellsTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • A clear cornea is essential for vision.
  • Corneal epithelial cells are crucial for maintaining corneal transparency.
  • The limbus is the traditional site proposed for corneal epithelial stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review classical concepts of limbal stem cell identity.
  • To highlight the current understanding and challenges in identifying limbal stem cells.
  • To discuss the role of limbal stem cells in corneal homeostasis and wound repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of classical and current research on limbal stem cells.
  • Analysis of studies investigating corneal epithelial cell turnover and wound healing.
  • Discussion of marker identification for limbal stem cells.

Main Results:

  • The limbus has long been considered the niche for corneal epithelial stem cells.
  • These stem cells are responsible for maintaining corneal epithelium and facilitating repair.
  • Despite extensive research, definitive markers for isolating and characterizing limbal stem cells remain elusive.

Conclusions:

  • The precise location and markers for limbal stem cells require further investigation.
  • Understanding limbal stem cell biology is critical for treating corneal diseases.
  • Continued research is needed to identify specific markers for effective therapeutic strategies.