Breast cancer and dietary patterns: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Epidemiology
• Oncology

Background:

• Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized as significant factors influencing chronic disease risk.
• Understanding the relationship between specific dietary habits and breast cancer incidence is crucial for public health.
• Previous research has explored various dietary components, but a comprehensive review of pattern-based analyses was needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize findings from epidemiological studies on dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.
• To identify specific dietary patterns associated with either a reduced or increased risk of breast cancer.
• To focus on studies employing factor analysis or principal component analysis for dietary pattern identification.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline and Lilacs databases up to December 2012.
• Search terms included "breast cancer," "dietary patterns," "factor analysis," and "principal component analysis."
• Eligibility criteria required studies to utilize factor analysis techniques and/or principal component analysis, resulting in the inclusion of 26 studies.

Main Results:

• The Mediterranean dietary pattern and diets rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, and soy were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.
• No significant association was found between traditional dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.
• The Western dietary pattern showed a potential increase in risk in one study, and alcohol consumption was linked to an increased risk.

Conclusions:

• Dietary patterns significantly influence breast cancer risk.
• Adopting a Mediterranean or plant-focused diet may offer protective effects against breast cancer.
• Limiting alcohol intake is advisable for breast cancer risk reduction.