Advances in the management of hepatitis C

Significant advances have recently been made in the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with many of the changes now part of routine clinical practice. These include the use of non-invasive methods to assess liver fibrosis, interleukin 28B genotype testing to predict interferon responsiveness and the use of new anti-viral regimens for HCV genotype 1. Two new antiviral agents (boceprevir and telaprevir) have recently become available in Australia. These protease inhibitors are used in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin as triple therapy for genotype 1 HCV. This combination increases sustained virological response from approximately 45-50% to 66-75% in treatment naïve patients. However, these new regimens present novel challenges including complicated treatment algorithms based on virological response, numerous drug interactions and additional side effects especially in patients with advanced fibrosis. The protease inhibitors are the first of many antiviral drugs to become available to treat HCV, heralding the arrival of new agents that will offer greater chances of cure with improved safety and tolerability compared with current therapies.