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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

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Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through...
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

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Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

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Neonatal pulmonary physiology.

Ryan P Davis1, George B Mychaliska1

  • 1Section of Pediatric Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding fetal and neonatal pulmonary development is crucial for pediatric surgeons managing infant lung issues. Evolving research improves treatments for congenital and acquired pulmonary diseases in newborns.

Keywords:
Lung developmentLung mechanicsNeonatal physiologyNeonatal respiratory failure

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pulmonary Physiology

Background:

  • Managing pulmonary issues in term and preterm infants presents significant challenges for pediatric surgeons.
  • A thorough understanding of fetal and neonatal pulmonary development and physiology is fundamental for addressing neonatal lung conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neonatal pulmonary physiology, emphasizing its importance in managing congenital and acquired pulmonary diseases in infants.
  • To highlight how advancements in understanding molecular and cellular events are improving treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fetal and neonatal lung development and physiology.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of pulmonary transition to postnatal life.
  • Analysis of how evolving knowledge impacts clinical practice and technology.

Main Results:

  • Successful transition to postnatal life relies on complex, coordinated developmental events.
  • Neonatal pulmonary physiology shares similarities with older children but has critical distinctions requiring specialized consideration.
  • Deeper insights into molecular and cellular processes are driving research and technological innovation.

Conclusions:

  • Continued evolution of understanding fetal and neonatal pulmonary physiology is essential for effective clinical management.
  • Advanced knowledge facilitates improved technology and treatment strategies for neonates with pulmonary challenges.
  • A comprehensive review aids clinicians in managing diverse congenital and acquired pulmonary diseases in infants.