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Updated: May 4, 2026
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
Published on: August 23, 2019
The ING tumor suppressor genes: status in human tumors
Claire Guérillon1, Nicolas Bigot1, Rémy Pedeux2
1INSERM U917, Microenvironnement et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
Abstract:
ING genes (ING1-5) were identified has tumor suppressor genes. ING proteins are characterized as Type II TSGs since they are involved in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis and senescence. They may also function as Type I TSGs since they are also involved in DNA replication and repair. Most studies have reported that they are frequently lost in human tumors and epigenetic mechanisms or misregulation of their transcription may be involved. Recently, studies have described that this loss may be caused by microRNA inhibition. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on ING functions, their involvement in tumor suppression and, in order to give a full assessment of the current knowledge, we review all the studies that have examined ING status in human cancers.
Insights
ING genes (ING1-5) are crucial tumor suppressors involved in cell regulation and DNA repair. Their loss in human cancers may be linked to epigenetic changes or microRNA inhibition, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- ING genes (ING1-5) function as tumor suppressors.
- ING proteins exhibit Type II TSG activity, regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence.
- They may also act as Type I TSGs, participating in DNA replication and repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current knowledge on ING gene functions.
- To review ING proteins' involvement in tumor suppression.
- To assess the status of ING genes across human cancers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ING genes.
- Analysis of ING gene expression and function in cancer.
- Examination of epigenetic and microRNA-related mechanisms affecting ING genes.
Main Results:
- ING genes are frequently lost in human tumors.
- Epigenetic mechanisms and transcriptional misregulation contribute to ING gene loss.
- MicroRNA inhibition is a recently identified cause for ING gene loss.
Conclusions:
- ING genes are critical tumor suppressors with diverse cellular roles.
- Understanding ING gene alterations is vital for cancer research.
- Further studies are needed to fully assess ING gene status in human cancers.
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