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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Related Experiment Video

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Staufen1 senses overall transcript secondary structure to regulate translation.

Emiliano P Ricci1, Alper Kucukural1, Can Cenik2

  • 11] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2] RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

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Summary

Human Staufen1 (Stau1) protein binds structured RNA, including inverted Alu elements in 3' untranslated regions. Staufen1 also interacts with ribosomes, influencing translation elongation and regulating transcription factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Human Staufen1 (Stau1) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
  • Understanding Staufen1's binding targets and functions is crucial for deciphering complex gene expression control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map Staufen1-binding sites across the entire transcriptome.
  • To elucidate the structural and sequence characteristics of Staufen1-bound RNAs.
  • To investigate Staufen1's role in mRNA translation and its interaction with ribosomes.

Main Methods:

  • RNA immunoprecipitation in tandem (RIPiT) combined with deep sequencing.
  • RNase footprinting and formaldehyde cross-linking to identify binding sites.
  • Analysis of RNA secondary structures, GC content, and ribosome association.

Main Results:

  • Staufen1 preferentially binds to complex RNA secondary structures, often involving inverted Alu elements in 3' untranslated regions (UTRs).
  • Staufen1 interacts with actively translating ribosomes and binds mRNA coding sequences (CDSs) and 3' UTRs based on GC content and structural propensity.
  • Higher Staufen1 levels correlate with increased ribosome density on GC-rich CDSs, suggesting a role in modulating translation elongation.
  • Staufen1 regulates the translation of transcription-regulatory proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Staufen1 binds structured RNAs, particularly those with inverted Alu elements, and influences translation elongation through CDS structure.
  • The findings reveal a broader role for Staufen1 in gene regulation, extending to the translation of key regulatory proteins.