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Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster
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Interindividual variability in social insects - proximate causes and ultimate consequences.

Raphaël Jeanson1, Anja Weidenmüller

  • 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France; Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 9, Toulouse, France.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
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PubMed
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Behavioral differences in social insects are crucial for division of labor. This review explores mechanisms and consequences of this variability, highlighting understudied factors like environment and learning.

Keywords:
behavioural consistencybehavioural diversitydivision of labourinterindividual variabilityresponse-threshold modelssocial insectsspecialization

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Insect Social Behavior

Background:

  • Interindividual behavioral differences are common in social groups, particularly in social insects.
  • Worker behavioral variability is increasingly recognized as fundamental to insect division of labor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review proximate mechanisms and ultimate consequences of behavioral variability among insect workers.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mechanisms of behavioral differentiation in social insects.
  • Analysis of existing research on the benefits and costs of behavioral variability within colonies.

Main Results:

  • Most studies focus on genetic variability, neglecting maturational, nutritional, and environmental influences.
  • Social feedback, learning, and experience are potent but under-explored sources of differentiation.
  • Benefits of variability are often linked to genetic manipulation; direct colony productivity tests are lacking.
  • Costs of interindividual variability are largely overlooked.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed on non-genetic mechanisms and the cost-benefit balance of behavioral variability.
  • Comparative studies and investigation of response parameters beyond thresholds are crucial for understanding the evolution of social organization.