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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse
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Fetal abdominal wall defects.

Federico Prefumo1, Claudia Izzi1

  • 1Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|December 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastroschisis and omphalocele are common fetal abdominal wall defects diagnosed via prenatal ultrasound. Management focuses on preventing intrauterine death for gastroschisis and identifying associated conditions for omphalocele.

Keywords:
OEIS complexbody stalk anomalycloacaexstrophyfirst trimestergastroschisismode of deliveryneonatal surgeryomphalocelepentalogy of Cantrellprenatal ultrasoundprune-belly syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Prenatal Diagnosis

Background:

  • Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most frequent fetal abdominal wall defects, each occurring in approximately 3 in 10,000 births.
  • Prenatal ultrasound, including first-trimester nuchal scans, demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting these anomalies.
  • Gastroschisis is associated with unrelated defects in about 10% of cases, while omphalocele frequently co-occurs with chromosomal or genetic abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and diagnostic approaches to common fetal abdominal wall defects.
  • To outline the management challenges and postnatal treatment strategies for gastroschisis and omphalocele.
  • To highlight rarer abdominal wall defects requiring multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on fetal abdominal wall defects.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and management protocols.
  • Categorization of defects based on prevalence and associated conditions.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal ultrasound is effective for early detection of gastroschisis and omphalocele.
  • Gastroschisis management challenges include preventing intrauterine demise and treating complex forms.
  • Omphalocele management necessitates thorough exclusion of associated genetic and chromosomal conditions, not all of which are detected prenatally.

Conclusions:

  • Gastroschisis and omphalocele require distinct management approaches due to differing associated conditions and complications.
  • Early and accurate prenatal diagnosis is crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Rarer abdominal wall defects necessitate specialized, multidisciplinary care coordination.