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Colour detection thresholds in faces and colour patches.

Kok Wei Tan1, Ian D Stephen2

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. khyx1tki@nottingham.edu.my

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Facial redness and yellowness are more easily detected than lightness changes in skin color. Visual perception of facial color differences is better for own-race faces, indicating a cross-race effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Human perception
  • Color vision
  • Facial aesthetics

Background:

  • Human facial skin color signals health and attractiveness.
  • Specific CIELab color parameters (L*, a*, b*) are linked to perceived health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine detection thresholds for CIELab color changes (lightness, redness, yellowness) in faces and skin patches.
  • To investigate if facial color perception differs across Asian, African, and Caucasian faces.
  • To explore the salience of facial redness and yellowness compared to luminance.

Main Methods:

  • Malaysian Chinese participants detected subtle to large CIELab color differences (deltaE 1.2–9.6) in face photos and skin patches.
  • Stimuli included Asian, African, and Caucasian faces, manipulated for lightness, redness, and yellowness.
  • Participants identified lighter, redder, or yellower images in paired comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Changes in facial redness and yellowness were more discriminable than lightness changes.
  • Facial redness and yellowness had greater visual salience than in non-face stimuli.
  • Color difference discrimination was better for Asian and Caucasian faces than for African faces (cross-race effect).

Conclusions:

  • Human color vision may be adapted for detecting subtle skin color changes related to health and emotion.
  • Facial redness and yellowness are key visual signals in human skin color perception.
  • Cross-race effects influence the perception of facial color differences.