P2X receptors in neuroglia
Alexei Verkhratsky1, Yuri Pankratov2, Ulyana Lalo3
1Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain ; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Membrane Transport and Signaling
|December 19, 2013
Summary
Neuroglia express various ionotropic P2X purinoceptors. These receptors mediate signaling in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, influencing neuronal function and inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Ionotropic P2X purinoceptors are expressed across major neuroglia types.
- These receptors play diverse roles in physiological and pathological signaling within the central nervous system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the specific roles and expression patterns of P2X purinoceptors in different neuroglial cells.
- To understand how P2X receptor activation influences glial function and neuroinflammation.
Main Methods:
- Investigated P2X receptor expression in cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
- Examined the functional consequences of P2X receptor activation on glial signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- Cortical astrocytes utilize P2X1/5 heteromeric receptors for synaptic transmission-driven signaling, impacting intracellular calcium and sodium.
- Oligodendrocytes express P2X receptors involved in development and axonal-glial communication.
- Microglial P2X4 and P2X7 receptors are critical for activation, motility, and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Conclusions:
- P2X purinoceptors are key regulators of diverse neuroglial functions, from basic cell physiology to complex inflammatory responses.
- Targeting specific P2X receptors in glial cells offers potential therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
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