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Related Concept Videos

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments
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Design of radiation tolerant materials via interface engineering.

Weizhong Han1, Michael J Demkowicz, Nathan A Mara

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|December 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Interface engineering in copper-niobium composites enhances irradiation tolerance, strength, and thermal stability. This novel strategy effectively annihilates defects induced by irradiation in nanolayered materials.

Keywords:
interfaceirradiation tolerancenanolayered compositesink efficiencythermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Advanced materials are crucial for applications experiencing high radiation environments.
  • Developing materials with combined high strength, thermal stability, and irradiation tolerance remains a significant challenge.
  • Nanostructured composites offer unique properties but require precise interface control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel interface engineering strategy for bulk nanolayered composites.
  • To achieve simultaneous improvements in irradiation tolerance, strength, and thermal stability.
  • To investigate a model face-centered-cubic (Cu)/body-centered-cubic (Nb) system.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of bulk nanolayered Cu-Nb composites.
  • Implementation of interface engineering with controlled sink efficiencies.
  • Characterization of material properties under irradiation and thermal stress.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated superior irradiation tolerance in the engineered Cu-Nb composites.
  • Achieved high strength and high thermal stability concurrently.
  • Verified defect annihilation through controlled interface design.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed interface engineering strategy is effective for enhancing material performance.
  • Controlled interfaces in nanolayered composites are key to defect annihilation and improved properties.
  • This approach offers a pathway for developing robust materials for demanding applications.