Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
Published on: January 29, 2011
The relationship between emergency department crowding and patient outcomes: a systematic review
Eileen J Carter1, Stephanie M Pouch, Elaine L Larson
1Doctoral Student, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
Purpose:
Emergency department (ED) crowding is a significant patient safety concern associated with poor quality of care. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the relationship between ED crowding and patient outcomes.
Design:
We searched the Medline search engine and relevant emergency medicine and nursing journals for studies published in the past decade that pertained to ED crowding and the following patient outcome measures: mortality, morbidity, patient satisfaction, and leaving the ED without being seen. All articles were appraised for study quality.
Findings:
A total of 196 abstracts were screened and 11 articles met inclusion criteria. Three of the eleven studies reported a significant positive relationship between ED crowding and mortality either among patients admitted to the hospital or discharged home. Five studies reported that ED crowding is associated with higher rates of patients leaving the ED without being seen. Measures of ED crowding varied across studies.
Conclusions:
ED crowding is a major patient safety concern associated with poor patient outcomes. Interventions and policies are needed to address this significant problem.
Clinical Relevance:
This review details the negative patient outcomes associated with ED crowding. Study results are relevant to medical professionals and those that seek care in the ED.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model
For example, a patient with a chronic...
01:30Methods of Documentation VII: EMR
01:11Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care...
01:08Role of Communication in the Nursing Process III: Evaluation and Documentation
01:29Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care