Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
Published on: August 15, 2016
Niosomal encapsulation of ethambutol hydrochloride for increasing its efficacy and safety
Mohammed Shafik El-Ridy1, Soad Aly Yehia, Mahfouz Abd-El-Megeid Kassem
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre (NRC) , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt .
Context:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide health concern. In 2011, about 8.7 million new cases developed TB and 1.4 million people died from it.
Objective:
Enhancement of ethambutol hydrochloride activity and safety in treatment of TB through niosomal encapsulation.
Materials And Methods:
Niosomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. They were characterized, investigated for in vitro release, lung disposition and in vivo biological evaluation.
Results:
Entrapment efficiency of ethambutol hydrochloride ranged from 12.20% to 25.81%. Zeta potential values inferred stability of neutral and negatively charged formulations. In vitro release was biphasic. Lung targeting was increased by niosomal encapsulation. Biological evaluation revealed superiority of niosomal ethambutol hydrochloride over the free drug.
Discussion:
Neutral and negatively charged niosomal vesicles are dispersed homogenously unlike positively charged vesicles. Niosomal encapsulation results in controlled drug release. Niosomal formulations targeted more drugs to mice lungs for a prolonged period of time resulting in: decreased root-specific lung weight, bacterial counts in lung homogenates and optimizing pathological effect on guinea pigs lungs, livers and spleens.
Conclusion:
Encapsulation of ethambutol hydrochloride in niosomal formulations for the treatment of TB provides higher efficacy and safety compared with the free drug.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

