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Kidney involvement in leukemia and lymphoma
Randy L Luciano1, Ursula C Brewster1
1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease
|December 24, 2013
Summary
Hematologic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma frequently impact kidney function, causing acute kidney injury (AKI) and electrolyte imbalances. Early recognition and management are crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Leukemia and lymphoma are hematologic malignancies affecting all ages.
- These diseases can be aggressive or indolent, often involving multiple organ systems.
- Kidney involvement is common and can be extensive in patients with leukemia and lymphoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the spectrum of kidney involvement in leukemia and lymphoma.
- To discuss the various etiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI) in these patients.
- To highlight other renal manifestations and complications, including electrolyte and acid-base disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of kidney involvement in leukemia and lymphoma.
- Analysis of common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hematologic malignancies.
- Discussion of nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and electrolyte disturbances.
Main Results:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent, with prerenal causes and acute tubular necrosis being most common.
- Other intrinsic and obstructive renal pathologies can occur.
- Leukemia and lymphoma can also lead to nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and severe electrolyte/acid-base disorders.
Conclusions:
- Kidney involvement in leukemia and lymphoma is multifaceted, ranging from AKI to glomerular diseases.
- Malignancy, its complications, and chemotherapy all contribute to renal dysfunction.
- Prompt identification and treatment of renal complications are vital for managing these hematologic malignancies.
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