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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Evolving Boolean regulatory networks with epigenetic control.

Larry Bull1

  • 1Department of Computer Science & Creative Technologies, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.

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|December 24, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in nature. This study shows simulated evolution can select for DNA methylation-inspired gene control, with inherited effects that don't harm fitness.

Keywords:
DevelopmentDynamical systemsMethylationMulticellularityRBNK model

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a vital role in natural systems.
  • Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of epigenetic regulation is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore epigenetic regulation using a tunable Boolean genetic regulatory network model.
  • To investigate the evolutionary selection of dynamically controlled transcription via DNA methylation-inspired mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a tunable Boolean genetic regulatory network model.
  • Simulated evolution under single and multicellular scenarios.
  • Incorporated a DNA methylation-inspired mechanism for dynamic transcription control.

Main Results:

  • Dynamically controlling transcription via DNA methylation-inspired mechanisms was selected for by simulated evolution.
  • These epigenetic control effects were shown to be heritable.
  • Inherited epigenetic control did not detrimentally affect organismal fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated evolution can favor epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.
  • DNA methylation-inspired control offers heritable epigenetic effects without fitness costs.
  • This model provides insights into the evolution of epigenetic regulation in natural systems.