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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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The Arch of Aorta01:10

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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Catheterization of the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein to Perform Hemodynamic Measures, Infusions and Blood Sampling in a Conscious Rat Model
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[Retrojugular access to carotid arteries].

O A Vinogradov, Iu V Belov, R N Komarov

    Khirurgiia
    |December 24, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    The retrojugular approach for carotid endarterectomy offers significant advantages over the classical method. This technique reduces the risk of tongue numbness, facial nerve issues, and swallowing difficulties post-surgery.

    Area of Science:

    • Vascular Surgery
    • Surgical Access Techniques

    Background:

    • Carotid endarterectomy is a common procedure to prevent stroke.
    • Traditional surgical access can lead to specific postoperative complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the outcomes of retrojugular versus classical surgical access for carotid endarterectomy.
    • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the retrojugular approach.

    Main Methods:

    • A comparative analysis of 151 eversion endarterectomies.
    • 56 operations utilized retrojugular access, while 95 used classical access.

    Main Results:

    • The retrojugular group showed significantly lower rates of tongue numbness and agility issues (1.7% vs. 12%).
    • Reduced incidence of circumoral muscle paresis (1.7% vs. 10%) was observed in the retrojugular group.

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  • No cases of dysphagia or hoarseness were reported with retrojugular access.

    • Conclusions:

    • Retrojugular access is a beneficial alternative for carotid endarterectomy.
    • This approach appears to minimize specific neurological and functional deficits post-operation.