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Long-term resistance trends of uropathogens and association with antimicrobial prophylaxis

Maria Bitsori1, Sofia Maraki, Emmanouil Galanakis

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|December 24, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Long-term surveillance of pediatric urinary tract infections reveals increasing antimicrobial resistance, particularly with prophylaxis use. This highlights the need for updated treatment guidelines and ongoing monitoring of uropathogen resistance patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children, necessitating understanding of pathogen resistance trends.
  • Long-term data is crucial for effective UTI management and antimicrobial selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze long-term trends in uropathogen resistance patterns in pediatric patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 638 uropathogens isolated from pediatric UTI cases between 1997 and 2008.
  • Statistical analysis to identify resistance trends and the association with prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (69%).
  • Increasing resistance observed for nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin-tazobactam over time.
  • Prophylaxis use correlated with a higher proportion of non-E. coli pathogens and increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.

Conclusions:

  • Significant shifts in pediatric uropathogen resistance patterns were identified.
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with increased antimicrobial resistance.
  • Continuous surveillance and re-evaluation of empiric treatment regimens are recommended.
Abstract

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