Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

2.9K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
2.9K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

10.8K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
10.8K
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

644
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
644
Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

497
The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
497
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.6K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.6K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.7K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatial navigation as a digital marker for clinically differentiating cognitive impairment severity.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

The role of narrative structure in scaffolding children's recall.

Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society·2026
Same author

Early informal fraction knowledge matters: a longitudinal investigation between first and second grades.

Journal of experimental child psychology·2026
Same author

Spatial perspective taking is distinct from cognitive and affective perspective taking.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

Distinct Mechanisms for Panoramic and Landmark-Based View Integration in Human Place-Selective Cortex.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

The component structure of memory during development.

Developmental psychology·2025
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.7K

Variations in cognitive maps: understanding individual differences in navigation.

Steven M Weisberg1, Victor R Schinazi2, Nora S Newcombe1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Temple University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in forming cognitive maps are significant. Virtual environments (VE) provide objective data to assess navigation skills, improving upon self-report limitations.

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function
06:17

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.7K
Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.7K
Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
05:19

Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment

Published on: June 1, 2015

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Spatial cognition

Background:

  • Individual differences in spatial cognition and cognitive map formation are well-documented but poorly understood.
  • Traditional assessment relies on self-report, limiting objective data collection.
  • Virtual environments (VE) offer controlled settings for objective behavioral measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in cognitive map formation within a controlled VE.
  • To compare objective performance measures with self-reported navigation ability.
  • To identify specific dimensions of spatial cognition that characterize individual differences.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a VE with buildings along two distinct routes to differentiate between- and within-route spatial representation.
  • Administered a pointing task and a model-building task to assess spatial knowledge.
  • Utilized the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction scale for self-reported navigation ability.

Main Results:

  • Performance on objective tasks correlated with self-reported navigation ability.
  • The Sense of Direction scale did not predict accuracy for within-route pointing in participants with lower between-route pointing skills.
  • Confirmed the existence of individual differences in cognitive map construction.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual environments can provide objective measures of navigation ability.
  • Self-report measures have limitations and may not capture all aspects of spatial cognition.
  • Further research can refine characterization of individual differences in spatial navigation.