Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

15.7K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
15.7K
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

44.1K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
44.1K
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

29.3K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
29.3K
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

580
The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
580
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

47.7K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
47.7K
First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

10.5K
Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward a comprehensive account of verbal memory: An embedded computational model across representational domains.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

MINERVA OPS: A computational framework for the representation and recognition of orthographic, phonological, and semantic associates.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

An embedded computational framework of memory: The critical role of representations in veridical and false recall predictions.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

Semantic similarity is not emotional: No effect of similarity defined by valence, arousal, and dominance on short-term ordered recall.

Memory & cognition·2025
Same author

Directed Forgetting and the Production Effect.

Experimental psychology·2024
Same author

A computational account of item-based directed forgetting for nonwords: Incorporating orthographic representations in MINERVA 2.

Memory & cognition·2023
Same journal

The costs and benefits of mind-wandering: 13 Years on.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
Same journal

Can computational sentiment analysis classify autobiographical memories? Comparing VADER and TextBlob.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
Same journal

Development of enumeration processes for kindergarten children: Evidence from eye-tracking data.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
Same journal

Differential sensitivity to outcome valence reveals two classes of shift behaviour related to exploitation and exploration.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
Same journal

Effects of valence and list composition on memory predictions, performance, and beliefs.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
Same journal

Differential response to cognitive stimulation in moderate versus moderately severe Alzheimer's disease.

Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K

The offline production effect.

Randall K Jamieson1, Jackie Spear1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba.

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Producing words through typing enhances memory more than imagining them, demonstrating that motoric production, not just vocalization, aids recall. This finding supports a sensory feedback explanation for the production effect.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
20:24

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study

Published on: January 31, 2014

16.3K
A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters
06:02

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

Published on: December 16, 2022

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K
Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
20:24

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study

Published on: January 31, 2014

16.3K
A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters
06:02

A Low-Cost Method of Measuring the In Situ Primary Productivity of Periphyton Communities of Lentic Waters

Published on: December 16, 2022

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The production effect shows that saying words aloud improves memory recall compared to not producing them.
  • Existing theories suggest that producing words makes them more distinct in memory, enhancing memorability.
  • Previous research has established the benefits of motoric production over nonproduction, but has not directly compared motoric versus imagined production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the memorial benefits of motoric production (typing) versus imagined production of words.
  • To compare the memory advantage of typed words against imagined typed words and control (untyped) words.
  • To test the hypothesis that motoric production confers a greater memory benefit than imagined production.

Main Methods:

  • A production-by-typing procedure was employed to compare memory for typed, imagined typed, and non-typed words.
  • Participants were tested on recognition memory and source discrimination for the presented words.
  • The study controlled for confounds present in traditional vocalization-based production effect experiments.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated better memory for both typed and imagined typed words compared to non-typed words.
  • Crucially, typed words were remembered significantly better than imagined typed words.
  • This memory advantage for typed words was consistent across both recognition memory and source discrimination tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Motoric production, such as typing, is a sufficient and facilitative condition for observing the production effect.
  • The findings suggest that sensory feedback from motoric actions plays a key role in memory enhancement.
  • A computational framework is proposed to further elucidate the sensory feedback account of the production effect.