Commonly used gastrointestinal drugs

Area of Science:

• Neurogastroenterology
• Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

• Gastrointestinal drugs are widely used and generally considered safe.
• However, a spectrum of neurologic adverse effects has been reported.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the spectrum and mechanisms of neurologic adverse effects associated with common gastrointestinal drugs.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing neurotoxicity for risk-benefit assessment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of neurologic complications from gastrointestinal medications.
• Analysis of acute and chronic neurotoxicities, including specific drug classes.

Main Results:

• Common GI drugs can cause acute neurotoxicities (e.g., akathisia, delirium, seizures, stroke).
• Long-term use may lead to tardive syndromes (e.g., tardive dyskinesia).
• Rarely, antiemetics can trigger severe reactions like neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Conclusions:

• Recognition of GI drug neurotoxicity is essential for clinical decision-making.
• Minimize use of drugs like metoclopramide to reduce tardive dyskinesia risk.
• Close monitoring and patient education are vital.