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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

15
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
15
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
22
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

59
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
59
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

199
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
199
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

53
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
53
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

21
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
21

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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Encephalitis.

Karen L Roos1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Encephalitis is a brain inflammation causing fever, headache, and altered consciousness. Herpesviruses are common treatable causes of this serious neurological disorder.

Keywords:
Arthropod-borne virusesEncephalitisHerpes simplex virus-1Varicella zoster virus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Encephalitis is a critical brain disorder characterized by inflammation.
  • Symptoms include fever, headache, altered consciousness, neurological deficits, and seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of viral encephalitis.
  • To highlight herpesviruses as common and treatable causes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of infectious and inflammatory brain disorders.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches.
  • Review of treatment strategies for viral encephalitis.

Main Results:

  • Herpesviruses are identified as the most frequent infectious agents causing encephalitis.
  • These viral agents represent some of the few treatable causes of encephalitis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of encephalitis is crucial.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment, particularly for herpesvirus infections, can improve outcomes.