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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

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Tuberculosis.

Juan Carlos Garcia-Monco1

  • 1Service of Neurology, Hospital de Galdacano, Galdacano, Vizcaya, Spain.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Central nervous system tuberculosis is a severe global health issue. Diagnosis is challenging, often requiring empirical treatment and vigilance against drug resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern, declared a World Health Organization emergency in 1993.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a severe manifestation acquired via inhalation.
  • Meningitis is the most common and serious form of CNS TB, with parenchymal involvement and spinal cord damage also occurring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and current approaches in diagnosing and treating Central Nervous System (CNS) tuberculosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties and standard therapeutic regimens for CNS TB.
  • To discuss the role of adjunctive therapies and the implications of drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CNS tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosistuberculomatuberculous abscesstuberculous meningitis

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  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including slow organism growth and low culture yields.
  • Evaluation of standard and shorter therapeutic regimens, and the use of corticosteroids.

    • Main Results:

    • Diagnosis of CNS TB is difficult due to microbiological limitations and often requires empirical treatment.
    • Standard therapy involves a 12-month regimen of four drugs initially, followed by two.
    • Corticosteroid therapy is associated with reduced mortality, and multidrug resistance, while not currently a major threat, necessitates careful monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • CNS tuberculosis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
    • Current treatment relies on prolonged multi-drug regimens, with corticosteroids often indicated.
    • Vigilance regarding drug resistance is crucial despite its current low prevalence in CNS TB.