Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

143
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
143
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.0K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.0K
Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

77
Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
77
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.2K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.2K
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

90
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
90
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

55
The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
55

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On-Chip Raman Spectroscopy for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Blood Cultures.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Infectious disease diagnostic competencies of medical students as a fundamental basis for physicians' resilience in addressing future infectious disease challenges.

GMS infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Microbial cell-free DNA for rapid pathogen identification in clinical diagnostics: a proof of concept study.

Genome medicine·2026
Same author

Hippo pathway activation drives fibrogenic remodelling in influenza A virus-infected lung fibroblasts.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

The human lung microbiome progressively diminishes in the distal alveolar regions.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026
Same author

Subacute Bartonella quintana bacteremia following immunomodulatory therapy: a diagnostic challenge.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.3K

Staphylococcus aureus persistence in non-professional phagocytes.

Bettina Löffler1, Lorena Tuchscherr1, Silke Niemann1

  • 1Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus aureus can form small colony variants (SCVs) to persist inside host cells, causing chronic infections. Understanding these adaptive mechanisms is key to treating persistent S. aureus infections.

Keywords:
Chronic infectionsImmune escapeIntracellular bacterial persistencePhagosomal escapeS. aureus host cell invasion

More Related Videos

Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes
07:44

Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.7K
Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds
06:36

Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds

Published on: September 8, 2021

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.3K
Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes
07:44

Time-Lapse Epifluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Heterogeneous Phenotypes

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.7K
Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds
06:36

Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds

Published on: September 8, 2021

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes chronic, difficult-to-treat infections.
  • Bacterial invasion of host cells and intracellular persistence are critical for pathogenesis.
  • Adaptation to the intracellular environment involves changes to bacterial phenotypes, such as small colony variants (SCVs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent findings on the steps involved in establishing chronic S. aureus infections.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of dynamic bacterial adaptation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research data.
  • Focuses on bacterial adaptation and intracellular survival strategies.

Main Results:

  • S. aureus invades non-professional phagocytes and evades lysosomal degradation.
  • Bacteria dynamically adapt to intracellular environments, forming SCV-like phenotypes.
  • These phenotypes show altered expression of adhesins and toxins.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic adaptation and SCV formation are essential for S. aureus to establish chronic infections.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and features of dynamically formed SCVs.
  • Understanding these bacterial strategies is crucial for developing effective therapies against persistent S. aureus infections.