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Increased functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and reward system in pathological gambling.

Saskia Koehler1, Smadar Ovadia-Caro2, Elke van der Meer3

  • 1Berlin School of Mind and Brain and the Mind-Brain Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

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Summary

Pathological gambling (PG) shows altered brain connectivity, particularly between prefrontal areas and the reward system. These changes in functional connectivity resemble those seen in substance use disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Pathological gambling (PG) is a behavioral addiction with similarities to substance-use disorders.
  • Neuroimaging studies indicate functional changes in prefrontal structures and the mesolimbic reward system in PG.
  • The interaction between these altered brain regions in PG remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional connectivity alterations between prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic reward system in pathological gambling.
  • To compare functional connectivity in male PG patients and healthy controls using resting-state fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using regions of interest in the right middle frontal gyrus (prefrontal cortex) and right ventral striatum (reward system).

Main Results:

  • PG patients exhibited increased connectivity from the right middle frontal gyrus to the right striatum, correlated with impulsivity and craving.
  • Decreased connectivity was observed from the right middle frontal gyrus to other prefrontal areas in PG patients.
  • Increased connectivity from the right ventral striatum to the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum was noted in PG patients, with cerebellar connectivity linked to smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest significant alterations in functional connectivity within the prefrontal-reward system network in pathological gambling.
  • These connectivity changes in PG mirror those found in substance use disorders, supporting its classification as a behavioral addiction.