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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Atypical visual processing in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer1, Matthis Schick2, Thomas Schulte-Vels2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland ; Center of Education and Research (COEUR), Psychiatric Services of the County of St. Gallen-North, Wil, Switzerland ; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Neuroimage. Clinical
|December 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) exhibit altered visual processing, particularly in the ventral visual stream. This suggests sensory processing deficits may contribute to PTSD symptoms and difficulties in complex environments.

Keywords:
Dorsal streamInternational Affective Picture SystemSensory perceptionVentral streamVisual systemfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with sensory overload in complex environments.
  • Subtle sensory processing deficits, particularly auditory, are implicated in PTSD.
  • Visual processing may also be affected in individuals with PTSD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visual processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in individuals with and without PTSD.
  • To explore differences in brain activity during a visual task between PTSD and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was used to examine visual processing in trauma-exposed participants.
  • Two groups were studied: those with PTSD (N=18) and those without PTSD (N=21).
  • Participants completed a picture-viewing task.

Main Results:

  • Reduced activity in the ventral visual stream (including striate, extrastriate, inferior temporal, and entorhinal cortices) was observed in PTSD participants.
  • PTSD participants showed altered activity in dorsal and ventral attention systems.
  • These findings were independent of the emotional salience of the visual stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Visual processing is significantly altered in the ventral visual stream in PTSD.
  • These alterations in visual processing, alongside auditory deficits, support the role of sensory processing deficits in PTSD.
  • Dysfunctional attention processes may underlie these sensory deficits in PTSD.