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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

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The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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OPTN/SRTR 2012 Annual Data Report: heart.

M Colvin-Adams1, J M Smithy, B M Heubner

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart transplant numbers are rising, but waiting list rates have declined. Despite longer waits and more pre-transplant life support, wait-list mortality hasn't increased, and pediatric graft survival improves.

Keywords:
End-stage heart failureheart transplanttransplant outcomesventricular assist device

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The number of heart transplants is increasing, with a 25% rise in adult candidates on waiting lists between 2004 and 2012.
  • The heart transplant rate per wait-list year has declined since peaking in 2007.
  • There's an increasing proportion of patients requiring life support before heart transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in heart transplantation, including waiting list dynamics, patient acuity, and outcomes.
  • To examine pediatric heart transplant trends and graft survival rates.
  • To assess the cost-effectiveness of heart transplantation compared to ventricular assist devices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national heart transplant waiting list data.
  • Review of transplant procedure statistics and graft survival rates.
  • Comparison of heart transplant costs and effectiveness against ventricular assist devices.

Main Results:

  • Adult waiting list candidates increased by 25% (2004-2012), but the transplant rate per 100 wait-list years decreased from 149 (2007) to 93 (2012).
  • The percentage of patients on life support pre-transplant rose from 48.6% to 62.7% (2007-2012), with less distinct medical urgency categories.
  • Pediatric transplants increased (1998-2012), and 5-year graft survival for 2007 transplants was 78.5%.
  • Heart transplant is more expensive than ventricular assist devices but more effective and likely cost-effective for end-stage heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Despite increased waiting times and pre-transplant acuity, wait-list mortality has not risen, and pediatric graft survival is improving.
  • Heart transplantation remains a more effective and likely cost-effective treatment for end-stage heart failure compared to ventricular assist devices.
  • Trends indicate a growing need for heart transplants, with evolving patient profiles and improving outcomes.