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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

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In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

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In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
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Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Percutaneous penetration--methodological considerations.

Rikke Holmgaard1, Eva Benfeldt, Jesper B Nielsen

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Køge Sygehus, Køge, Denmark.

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding skin penetration is crucial for assessing chemical hazards and product efficacy. This review evaluates various in vitro and in vivo methods, highlighting their limitations for accurate percutaneous penetration predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Percutaneous penetration studies are vital for evaluating occupational hazards and topical product efficacy.
  • Alternative methods to animal testing have been developed over decades.
  • Experimental design significantly influences the outcomes of penetration studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing and novel in vitro and in vivo methods for percutaneous penetration studies.
  • To discuss the advantages, limitations, and relevance of these methods for predicting skin penetration.
  • To provide recommendations for method selection based on product type and research questions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established in vitro and in vivo experimental methods.
  • Discussion of emerging techniques for percutaneous penetration assessment.
  • Analysis of regulatory guidelines and their implications for experimental design.

Main Results:

  • No single method is universally superior; method choice depends on the specific product and research question.
  • Vehicles and solvents in testing fluids must closely mimic real-world usage conditions.
  • Current mathematical models may not adequately account for chemical outliers or variations in skin properties.

Conclusions:

  • Careful consideration of experimental design is paramount for reliable percutaneous penetration data.
  • Regulatory bodies and researchers must ensure testing conditions reflect actual exposure scenarios.
  • Further development of predictive models is needed to address limitations in hazard assessment.