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Related Concept Videos

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

36.0K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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Wheels within wheels: the plant circadian system.

Polly Yingshan Hsu1, Stacey L Harmer1

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Trends in Plant Science
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Plant circadian clocks regulate daily and seasonal physiological processes. Recent systems approaches reveal molecular clock mechanisms and their crucial role in agricultural traits for crop improvement.

Keywords:
Arabidopsisagricultural traitscircadian clockinputoutputsystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Circadian clocks synchronize internal physiology with external environmental cues.
  • Understanding plant clocks is vital for optimizing crop productivity and agricultural traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the molecular regulation of plant circadian clocks.
  • To explore the connections between clock components and environmental input/output pathways.
  • To highlight the significance of circadian clock genes in agronomically important traits.

Main Methods:

  • Systems biology approaches, primarily in Arabidopsis.
  • Analysis of molecular architecture of the central circadian oscillator.
  • Investigation of mechanistic links between clock components and physiological outputs.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing the plant circadian oscillator.
  • Identification of key connections between clock pathways and environmental signaling.
  • Demonstration of the critical role of clock genes in influencing agricultural traits.

Conclusions:

  • Recent systems approaches have significantly advanced our knowledge of plant circadian clocks.
  • Circadian clock genes are essential for agronomically important traits, offering potential for crop improvement.
  • Further research into plant clocks can lead to enhanced agricultural productivity.