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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Keratin 8 is involved in hepatitis B virus replication.

Qing Zhong1, Xuan An, Yi-Xuan Yang

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Journal of Medical Virology
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication involves host factors. This study found that keratin 8 (KRT8) significantly enhances HBV replication, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for liver disease.

Keywords:
Keratinhepatitis B virusquantitative proteomicsreplication

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to severe liver diseases like cirrhosis and liver failure.
  • HBV pathogenesis relies on complex interactions between viral and host cellular machinery.
  • Identifying host factors influencing HBV replication is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate host proteins associated with HBV replication.
  • To determine the specific role of candidate proteins, particularly KRT8, in modulating HBV replication.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which KRT8 affects HBV DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells.
  • Quantitative assessment of HBV replication markers.
  • Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit KRT8 expression.
  • Overexpression studies to evaluate the impact of increased KRT8 levels on HBV replication.

Main Results:

  • Keratin 8 (KRT8) was found to be upregulated in HBV-replicating cells (HepG2.2.15) and in HBV-infected liver tissues.
  • Silencing KRT8 expression using siRNA led to a mild suppression of HBV replication.
  • Overexpression of KRT8 significantly enhanced HBV DNA replication, while HBV DNA levels did not affect KRT8 expression.

Conclusions:

  • The host protein KRT8 plays a significant role in Hepatitis B virus replication.
  • KRT8 demonstrably enhances HBV DNA replication, highlighting its importance in the viral life cycle.
  • KRT8 represents a potential host-targeted therapeutic avenue for managing HBV infection.