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The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 polymorphisms
Young-Ho Jung1, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyung Young Kim
1Department of Pediatrics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea; Research Center for Standardization of Allergic Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Pediatric Pulmonology
|December 31, 2013
Summary
Childhood asthma risk is increased by a history of bronchiolitis, especially in children with specific genetic variations in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and interleukin-13 (IL-13). These genetic factors modify the impact of bronchiolitis on asthma development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Genetic Epidemiology
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Childhood asthma is a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
- Investigating the interplay of genetic polymorphisms and infections is crucial for understanding asthma etiology.
- Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are key immune-related genes implicated in asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the combined influence of TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 gene polymorphisms on the development of childhood asthma.
- To assess the role of bronchiolitis history as a risk factor for asthma in children.
- To determine if genetic variations modify the association between bronchiolitis and asthma.
Main Methods:
- A modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was administered to 1,341 elementary and 919 nursery school children in Seoul, Korea.
- Genotyping for TLR4 (rs1927911), CD14 (rs2569190), and IL-13 (rs20541) polymorphisms was performed using the TaqMan assay.
- Statistical analysis, including adjusted odds ratios (aOR), was used to evaluate risk factors and gene-environment interactions.
Main Results:
- Parental history of asthma and a past history of bronchiolitis were identified as independent risk factors for childhood asthma diagnosis.
- Children with specific TLR4, CD14, or IL-13 polymorphisms and a history of bronchiolitis exhibited significantly higher risks of developing asthma compared to those without these polymorphisms and no bronchiolitis history.
- For instance, certain TLR4 polymorphisms combined with bronchiolitis history increased asthma risk by 4.23-5.34 times.
Conclusions:
- Family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis and a history of bronchiolitis are significant independent risk factors for childhood asthma.
- The study demonstrates that TLR4, CD14, and IL-13 polymorphisms interact with a history of bronchiolitis, modifying the risk of asthma development in Korean children.
- These findings highlight the importance of considering both genetic predisposition and early-life respiratory infections in asthma prevention and management strategies.
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